洗衣机的简史

via:http://washer.ea3w.com/11/113332.html

1858年，一个叫汉密尔顿·史密斯的美国人在匹茨堡制成了世界上第一台洗衣机。（左图）该洗衣机的主件是一只圆桶，桶内装有一根带有桨状叶子的直轴。轴是通过摇动和它相连的曲柄转动的。同年史密斯取得了这台洗衣机的专利权。但这台洗衣机使用费力，且损伤衣服，因而没被广泛使用，但这却标志了用机器洗衣的开端。次年在德国出现了一种用捣衣杵作为搅拌器的洗衣机，当捣衣杵上下运动时，装有弹簧的木钉便连续作用于衣服。19世纪末期的洗衣机已发展到一只用手柄转动的八角形洗衣缸，洗衣时缸内放入热肥皂水，衣服洗净后，由轧液装置把衣服干。

Via: WASHING MACHINES,Saving Women's Lives! By Lee Maxwell

Thor(ca. 1908),Hurley Machine Company of Chicago

Among the early electric powered machines to be mass produced was the Thor washer .Features of this machine,include a wooden drum into which the clothes are put to be tumble washed. The drum turns 8 revolutions in one direction, then reverses.A control on the lower left side of the machine engages the clutch to start the rotation.A lever, on the top right side, provides forward and reverse control for the chain driven wringer.

At the time when this machine was manufactured, safety releases for wringers were not yet perfected. And, since most electric machines did not have on-off switches, if a finger or some other part of the anatomy were caught in the wringer one would have to grab the electric cord and yank it out of the outlet. Some cords had a terminal which could be screwed into a light socket, and even with vigorous yanking you could not have easily stopped the wringer from swallowing your entire arm.
Electric Motor Washer (ca. 1907),1900Corporation

The "electric motor washer", Fig. 6, was in the early line of powered models manufactured by the Nineteen Hundred Corporation, This 1900 company finally evolved into the present Whirlpool Corporation. This machine features a fixed agitator and an oscillating wooden tub. A single lever on the wringer post serves as the sole control for this machine. In one position the tub oscillates while in the other, the wringer turns. This is a rare example whereby the wringer, on a powered machine, is allowed to rotate only in a single direction. Imprinted on the side of the wringer is the phrase "SAVES WOMEN'S LIVES". What a wonderfully gallant thought!

The Troy machine(ca.1888),Troy Laundry Machinery Company

The Troy machine was manufactured in Troy, New York. The wooden tub of this machine rotates and the clothes are tumbled as they wash. The single control positions the belt, connected to the driving source of power, either to be on the drive (inner) pulley or on the idler (outer) pulley. With about 250 pounds of gears and pulleys as large as those for a tractor.

Design for Poverty winners

Via:http://www.yankodesign.com/2008/10/30/design-for-poverty-winners/

GOLD Rain Drops-by Evan Gant (USA)

Rain water is a largely untapped resource, especially in many developing countries where clean water is scarce. Water harvesting consists of three main components: a catchment area (generally a roof), a gutter system and a water storage area. The water storage area is by far the most expensive portion of this system, which makes it out of reach for many families. The RainDrops system simply allows people to adapt standard plastic bottles to an existing gutter system to collect rain water. This changes water storage from the most to the least expensive part of the system. These are much easier to clean and replace than larger storage units. The repurposing of these plastic bottles will also give value to many bottles that are otherwise headed for landfills. Corruption in the water sector is a real problem in many developing countries. The scalability of this system helps to give more power to the communities in need.
For many communities in the developing world a lack of good hygiene can have deadly consequences. Washing your hands is one of the best ways to prevent the distribution of bacteria. Nearly six thousand children in Kenya die each year from diarrheal diseases, and it is estimated that the simple act of proper hand washing could cut that number in half (kwaho.org). The RainDrops system includes an attachment that allows people to create running water to wash their hands.
Another large benefit to using plastic bottles as a water collection system is that it fits in nicely with the process called SODIS, which uses a combination of the suns UV rays and heat to remove pathogenic microorganisms that cause disease. This process is spreading across many developing countries due to its effectiveness and low cost.
Ultimately the goal of this system is to create a means for people to be able to collect water, which is an essential resource for life. By helping them relieve the monetary burden in an essential area like access to clean water, people will have more economic flexibility to start address unmet needs in other areas.

HONORABLE MENTION - Education for All by Brian Cuellar (Colombia)

In many parts of the world the education programs are inadequate, mostly in the third world countries. This right does not reach the most vulnerable communities. It has been said before but education IS the key to solving all our problems, even poverty.
Education for All is based around a book-mobile. Most impoverished children in the world have never even see a book. The system has storage for books, didactic materials, and lesson plans. It can be transported by a truck, motorcycle or even a helicopter to the most remote regions. It is made in fiber glass which doubles as a wonderful white board to conduct lessons with.

Chinese Traditional Liquidizer

榨床 is a chinese traditional liquidizer. In the Qing Dynasty, people used it to expressed juice. It was popular in south china at that time. Because there were vast fields of sugarcane in south of china. It is said that filial sons and daughters made fresh sugarcane juice with this device for their old parents with their teeth out.So the south people called it sugarcane juicer. It looks like a huge nailclippers.And the structure of it adopted the principle of level.
via:http://baike.baidu.com/view/490893.html



Another device looks similar .But it was used in traditional chinese medicine making.

via:http://www.whsz.gov.cn:8080/wbtd/images/011/06_01_1_600.htm