2009年5月2日星期六

蒸发制冷

蒸发要吸热,吸收了物体的热,使物体温度下降。例如:冰箱的运行就是利用这个原理使冰箱里的温度低,从而保鲜。
沙漠里的人经常把东西放进一个很厚的桶子里,上面放着沙子,并不断撒水到上面,水蒸发吸热所以桶内保持低温,这就是“沙漠冰箱”。 不过,所谓的制冷是象冰箱那样夸张,如果用蒸发“制冷”的话,你要把常温减30多度。蒸发是很难做到的,即使是10L水蒸发掉 也不见减多少度。而且,当足够的水在同样的地方蒸发之后,那个地方的温度就相对降低,这时蒸发又不会太厉害了。
“蒸发是个缓慢的,并只在液体表面发生的汽化现象”。 蒸发通常是不能用于制冷的。蒸发是液体气化的过程,液体气化是吸热的,这个过程确实从周围环境吸收了热量,而且液体变成同温度的气体。假如周围空气的温度高于水温,蒸汽遇冷还有可能液化再变成同温度液体。周而复始,再加上热传递,液体和周围空气温度会趋于相同。
这时会出现以下情况:液体蒸发 -> 液体降温<空气 -> 空气热传递给液体 -> 空气降温 -> 蒸汽液化释放热量 -> 空气升温(和水温趋于平衡) -> 液体蒸发。再如此周而复始,基本无法继续降温。所以一般蒸发是不能用于制冷的。不过夏天很热的时候是洒些凉水,也可以稍微降温,清爽一点,不过达到上述平衡之后就会失去效果。

Would a Woodchuck Chuck a Bike Made of Wood?







Wood frame bikes have long given way to aluminum and space age materials but designer Arndt Menke thinks we were too hasty in giving up on one of the strongest, resilient, and lightweight natural materials. There are over 60,000 woody plants worldwide but we use less than 300 of them in a terribly unsustainable way. The Holzweg bike’s frame is totally made of wood and weighs a scant 2.3kg. Could wood frame bikes make a comeback?

This diploma thesis for Menke’s master’s degree demonstrates how careful attention to wood’s natural retention, expansion and anisotropic properties can be advantageous in design. The end result is an incredibly light weight bike, strong and pretty darn good looking too. I really want one.

Designer: Arndt Menke